MANUFACTURING:

Manufacturing for 1D systems addresses the process of creating Glue-laminated Timber beams and columns. To form a glulam component, wood lamination's (dimensional lumber) are positioned according to their stress-rated performance characteristics (Think Wood, 2020). Typically, the maximum width to be manufactured is 365mm. However, members that are wider than 365mm are manufactured in 50mm increments and become exponentially more expensive. The depth of a glulam member is a function of the number of lamination's multiplied by the lamination thickness. As a result, depths typically range from: 114mm - 2128mm. In theory, the overall lengths of glulam members are only restricted by transportation and assembly requirements. Otherwise, it is up to the designer to determine the final length of the member.

Manufacturing for 2D systems deals with cross-laminated timber (CLT). Where the maximum panel length is 16500mm, the maximum panel width is 3500mm, and the maximum panel thickness is typically 500mm. During the manufacturing process of CLT panels, it is best practice to integrate technical installations within the assembly, such as raised floor systems. This allows for installations to be completed with a high degree of accuracy in a controlled environment, ultimately saving time on site. However, it is recommended that the final floor and wall finishing's should be added on site in order to cover up spacing tolerances between floor and wall panels.

Following similar sizing conditions of 2D manufacturing to produce 3D modules. 3D systems manufacturing is favorable because they can be designed as airtight as possible to improve acoustic and fire requirements. Due to the controlled conditions of an off-site facility rather than dealing with unexpected onsite conditions. It is best practice to integrate technical installations within the module in order to decrease time on site. According to Kieran Timberlake, the ‘wet’ construction program of a project such as kitchen, bathroom, laundry, are the most extensive areas of construction (Kieran and Timberlake, 2008). Since these programs require multiple trades to complete. As a result, when designing a 3D system, it is best practice to separate the modules into ‘Wet’ and ‘Dry’ construction. An example of this can be examined in the Puukuokka Housing Block case study and can clearly be seen how two modules (‘wet’ and ‘dry’) come together to form a single unit (OOPEAA, 2021).

• D = Depth: 114mm - 2128mm typ.
• W = Width: 365mm typ.
  • However, if a greater width is desired, then it can be manufactured in 50mm increments, i.e. 415mm, 465mm, etc... Members then become exponentially more expensive
• L = Length: Determined by the desired span from the designer. Should take transportation and assembly rules of thumb into consideration.

• D = Depth: 500mmmm typ.
• D1 = Depth of Assembly: 60mm-215mm typ
• W = Width: 3500mm Maximum
• L = Length: 16500mm Maximum
• Typically CLT panels with a depth from 60mm100mm consist of 3-layers
• Where as CLT panels with a depth from 120mm180mm consist of 5-layers.
• In order to attain its structural properties, CLT panels always need to have an odd number of layers. i.e) 3-Layers, 5-Layers, 7-Layers, etc...

• H = Height: ±3000mmmm typ.
• W = Width: Dependent on transportation and assembly rules of thumb
• L = Length: 16500mm Maximum
• Note that the 2D manufacturing of CLT panels also has an influence on the dimensionality of 3D modules.
• Within the ‘wet’ module, the red represents finishing for wet conditions and below the ceiling CLT member is a drop ceiling for mechanical installations. Alternatively this can be located against one of the walls of the module or in the raised floor system