ASSEMBLY:

The most important strategy for designing an assembly is to simplify as much as possible to ensure easy and fast on site construction. This is because the more trades you have on site, there is the potential for more mistakes of intellectual misalignments and material and products miss fittings. As a result, striving for assemblies that require a minimum number of trades, needing little or no temporary support, requiring no special tools, and a minimal need for ladders or scaffolding will increase onsite assembly (Kaufmann, et. al, 2018).

A universal system of picking and setting is desirable as it mitigates differences in hoisting and placing equipment and will significantly increase construction time. It is then essential to design a prefabricated kit of parts to have similar sizing or ‘pick-points’ for easy assembly.

For the assembly of 1D systems, try to use standard sizing for all components wherever possible and ensure that members require simple lifting equipment. In the same light, simplify connection details between elements and use repetition of elements as much as possible. Taking these considerations into the design of members can also positively influence manufacturing and transportation.

The assembly of 2D systems are like the 1D systems rules of thumb and should try to maximize their size as much as possible, in relation to manufacturing and transportation. As the large format components enable a fast assembly and ensure the building is well braced. Moreover, just like for all systems, avoid custom sizes or one-off cuts to ensure fast construction. Furthermore, correct lapping of joints must be considered to avoid any failures.

When it comes to 3D systems, the larger the modules, the more cost-effective the structure will be. Just as 2D systems, it is imperative that 3D systems can be easily hoisted from their transport and into place. Moreover, it is recommended that along with final finishing's, the final façade should be assembled onsite as well. The reason being is that the designer then has more freedom on the final aesthetic of the project and can potentially hide the regulating joints of the modules to create a seamless appearance. A prime example of this can be seen in the Puukuokka Housing Block (OOPEAA, 2021).

• Try to use standard sizing for all components wherever possible in order to simplify on site assembly, resulting in faster construction.
• Requires simple lifting equipment.
• Simplify connection details bet ween elements.
• Typically uses wrap around straps for beams.

• The large format components enable a fast assembly and ensure the building is well braced
• Avoid custom sizes or one-off cuts to ensure fast construction.
• Depending on the final design. The pick points used to life the panels into place may be exposed. The designer should then take this into consideration into the final design.
• However, if the facade and other final finishing are completed on site, then these pick point will be hidden within the assembly.

• The larger the modules, the more cost-effective this structure will be.
• In some cases, the ceiling can be completely omitted from the module so that when stacked, the underside of the floor becomes the ceiling. The same idea can be applied to the walls of the module. i.e) Two 3m wide modules come together to create a 6m room.
• It is ideal to separate ‘wet’ modules from ‘dry’ modules to increase construction speed.
• • To optimize the use of the factory setting, integration of technical installation can increase on site construction speed.